# Own It: 


# Body Liberation Microlearning with Young People 


# Preface 


# EDITORIAL INFO 

Title: Own It, Body Liberation Microlearning with young people. 

# Authors: Aga Byrczek, Kamila Lenczewska, Ieva Miltina 


# Graphic Design: Arabella Sansegundo Mulero 


# Proofreading: Arabella Sansegundo Mulero and Aga Byrczek 

 

# TRIGGER WARNING 

In our communication, we use the word “fat” as a neutral descriptive term without any shaming 
or offending intention, neither it seems discriminatory towards different body sizes. By 
normalizing this word, we can take away the power from those who use it to hurt others. 
 
This manual discusses sensitive issues related to body size, weight, and mental health. Some 
content may be triggering or distressing to certain readers. If you are struggling 
with any of these topics, consider seeking support from a qualified professional 
 
This publication has been prepared within an Erasmus+ funded project Microlearning for Body 

# Liberation, contract 

No. 2024-1-LV02-KA210-YOU-000247374. Views and opinions expressed are however, those 
of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or The Agency 
For International Programs For Youth in Latvia (JSPA). Neither 
the European Union nor the granting authority can be held 
responsible for them. 
 

# Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA 


# This license allows to remix, adapt, and build upon this work non-commercially, as long as you 

credit and license your new creations under the same terms. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

# Content Table 


# Preface: page 2 


# Introduction page 4 


# About this manual: page 5 


# 
## Part 1:
 page 6 to 9 


# Understanding Body Liberation: page 6 


# Target Groups: page 7 


# Un Important Perspective: page 8 


# Fat Folx Sub-groups: page 9 


# 
## Part 2:
 page 10 to 15 


# Why Working Against Weight Stigma Achieves Body Liberation?: page 10 


# Stereotypes and exclusion: page 10 


# Harmful narratives and Lack of representation: page 12 


# The Youth Work Perspective: page 14 


# 
## Part 3:
 page 16 to 35 

 

# Our Vision: What We Want and How We Get It?: page 16 


# From Awareness to Action: page 19 


# Body Liberation Microlearning: page 20 


# Body Liberation Inclusive Practices: page 28 


# Micro-Activism page: 29 


# Inclusive Language: A Tool for Change: page 30 


# NFE Activities page 30 

 

# Glossary: page 36 to 38 


# Contact and Feedback: page 39 

 
 
 

# Introduction 


# In recent years, body shape and size have received increased attention as social factors that 

significantly impact the livelihood and well-being of both young and adult individuals. If we look 
inwards, most of us can recall moments when we felt shamed for our natural bodies. This 
feeling of insufficiency leads us towards deeper reflection, where we often realise that these 
ideas have been externally imposed and subsequently internalised. 

# So, how can we, as youth workers, activists, educators, and simply curious individuals, break 

these barriers, understand their roots, and create an environment that allows others to lean into 
their authentic selves, fostering a more wholesome life experience? 

# As representatives of the Body Liberation Network, this manual is one of the first steps towards 

answering these questions. In working towards the liberation of our own bodies, we have 
embarked on a quest to develop resources that offer support and lay the foundations for more 
inclusive youth work — and, ultimately, a much more inclusive Europe. 

# We recognise the importance of the language used throughout this publication, aiming to 

provide inclusive and non-stigmatising language that aligns with our values. Wherever possible, 
we use the word fat as a neutral descriptor — reclaimed by many as an empowering term. The 
word obesity appears only where strictly necessary, such as when referencing research or 
medical discourse, and is marked in italics to signal its specific usage. 

# This term is heavily associated with medicalised narratives of unhealthiness, which often 

contribute to stigma, discrimination, and harmful weight loss behaviours. It also gives the false 
impression that body size is solely the result of personal behaviour and entirely within an 
individual’s control. By using intentional language, we hope to support a shift towards a more 
compassionate, accurate, and affirming conversation about bodies. 
 
 
 
 
 
 

# About this manual 

This is the first part of the Erasmus+ funded project “Microlearning for Body Liberation”. It was 
inspired by social media interactivity, resonating with our curiosity for exploration and leading to 
the creation of a resource pack for anyone interested in working with body liberation in Europe. 

# The manual is designed to be a useful tool for those who wish to develop more inclusive youth 

work practices, or for those looking to begin work on topics related to body shape and size 
discrimination — whether at an individual or systemic level. While much of the manual focuses 
on size and weight inclusion, we encourage you to approach the content from your own 
experience — have any of your bodily attributes ever felt at odds with mainstream media 
narratives or societal expectations? 
 

# In the following pages, you will find information and theory supporting our claims, demonstrating 

why the world could be a better place with body liberation principles in place. You will learn 
about the concept of Body Liberation and how it could be applied to youth work through 
microactivism, microlearning in digital spaces, and other approaches. 

# We would particularly like to highlight the Body Liberation Glossary and some of the non-formal 

education methods included, which should be especially useful for those new to the topic. 

# Finally, feel free to explore our online media collection based on the theme, and help the 

community spread the word through your networks. 
 
#BodyLiberationEU — a goal we all benefit from! 
 

# 
## Part 1:
 


# Understanding Body Liberation 

 

# Choosing a descriptive term for the relationship with our bodies was both a challenging and 

transformative task. As a collective, we aimed to go beyond a focus solely on weight, despite 
our origins in fatphobia activism. The term needed to speak to a wide range of people and 
acknowledge systemic oppression. Other terms, such as Body Positivity or Body Acceptance, 
felt inaccurate. Self-love does not shield individuals from experiencing discrimination. In this 
sense, suggesting that self-love alone can solve struggles tied to systemic issues places the 
responsibility solely on individuals. Without the right tools, self-love on its own can be the wrong 
approach to deeper triggers and may even harm mental health and well-being. Body Liberation 
deeply resonates with the whole concept we are seeking to communicate. 
 

# Defining Body Liberation 

 
 

# We define Body Liberation as freedom from social and political systems of oppression that 

designate certain bodies as more worthy, healthy, and desirable than others. This concept shifts 
the focus away from individual responsibility towards dismantling the systemic structures that 
perpetuate harm. Chrissy King, an author in this field, encapsulates the essence of body 
liberation: 
 
 
“We choose body liberation. We choose freedom. Freedom from obsessive thoughts about 
changing or manipulating ourselves to fit into societal standards of beauty. Freedom from 
obsessive thoughts about every morsel of food you eat. Freedom from expectations—other 
people’s and our own. Freedom to disavow diet culture, toxic fitness culture, and systemic 
oppression that wants to keep us at war with ourselves. Freedom to feel comfortable in your 
body in all its iterations. Freedom to enjoy and savor food and truly be present in our 
experiences. Freedom to embrace and actually love the person that you are. Freedom to always 
remember that this body we reside in is just a shell that allows us to have a human experience. 
Freedom to examine and process our own internalised fatphobia. Freedom to make decisions 
about our bodies for ourselves, free of external influences and conditioning. Freedom to feel bad 
about whatever we want and remember that we deserve the same grace, self-compassion, and 
kindness that we show everyone else. Freedom to reclaim our time and our bodies. Freedom to 
unapologetically take up as much space as you want.” 
— Chrissy King, The Body Liberation Project 
 

# This quote invites us to envision a world where individuals are free to exist without the 

constraints imposed by societal norms and expectations. While many aspects of body liberation 
are not yet officially recognised as forms of discrimination, pursuing this ideal brings us closer to 
a more equitable world. 
 
 

# Target Groups 


# Unrealistic beauty standards propagated by the beauty industry affect everyone, but the 

consequences are not evenly distributed. Our work seeks to identify and address the 
experiences of specific groups disproportionately affected by body-based discrimination: 
 
● Fat folx: Individuals who, based on clothing measurements, fall into categories beyond 
straight sizes. 
 
● People who consider themselves fat: Those who identify as fat due to societal standards 
but fit into straight-size categories. While they face challenges, their experiences differ 
from those of fat folx. 
 
● People with visible disabilities: face compounded stigma related to their bodies. 
 
● Postpartum mothers: Navigating societal expectations around “bouncing back” after 
pregnancy. 
 
● People with dwarfism: Experiencing body discrimination linked to stature. 
 
● People far from the average: Individuals considered “too tall,” “too short,” “too thin,” or 
“too fat.” 
 
● Youth not fitting beauty standards: Those perceived as too young, too childish, or not 
conforming to gendered expectations. 
 
● Queer and trans individuals: Facing judgement for gender expression or presentation. 
 
This list is not exhaustive, as many people experience body-based discrimination. It is important 
not to dismiss aspects such as age, baldness, or even clothing choices — all of which may form 
as part of a person’s identity. These differences often distance individuals from rigid beauty 
standards, placing them in a more vulnerable position and exposing them to bullying, 
microaggressions, and discrimination. 
 

# An Important Perspective 

Body perception is largely shaped by shifting frames. The beauty industry capitalises on this, 
selling products and procedures — from skin-lightening creams to hair transplants — which 
promise transformation. This industry perpetuates the belief that life must be put on hold until 
one becomes slimmer, prettier, or otherwise more acceptable. 
Body liberation challenges this narrative. We believe that all people deserve to live their lives to 
the fullest, in the bodies they have right now. Life should not be paused in pursuit of an ideal 
that may never be reached. 

# As Chrissy King writes: 

“Obsessing about food and exercise was really exhausting, and I eventually realized that if I 
didn’t change something, I would always be unhappy with myself, regardless of how thin I got.” 
Body liberation is about reclaiming joy and embracing life in the present moment. By dismantling 
systemic oppression and challenging social norms, we create space for everyone to thrive. 
 
 
 
 
 
 

# Subgroup of Fat Folx 

When we talk about fatness, we understand it in two ways: as a measurable body size — often 
based on clothing sizes — and as a personal feeling of not fitting into society’s unrealistic 
beauty standards. Both are valid, but the way people experience being fat can vary greatly 
depending on how far their body is from what is considered “acceptable”. 

# For example, someone who wears a smaller plus size might still be able to find clothes in 

regular stores and face more subtle forms of body shaming, such as being told they would look 
great “if they just lost a bit of weight”. On the other hand, people in larger bodies often struggle 
to find clothes that fit at all, face direct insults, or even experience harassment in public spaces. 

# For a clearer understanding of these differences, fat-positive communities often use terms like 

small fat, mid-fat, superfat, and infinifat. These labels help to highlight that not all fat people 
experience the world in the same way — those closer to thinness often have more access and 
face less harm. It is also worth kindly reminding that body-based discrimination is not solely 
about size. 

# To better describe these differences, fat-positive communities use terms like: 

● Small fat: typically wear sizes up to 18 (1X–2X); can often shop in some mainstream 
stores. 
 
● Mid-fat: usually wear sizes 20–24 (2X–3X); limited access to mainstream brands, rely 
more on plus-size retailers. 
 
● Superfat: wear sizes 26–32 (4X–5X); mostly shop online, with limited options even in 
plus-size sections. 
 
● Infinifat: size 34 and above (6X+); face extreme limitations in clothing access and often 
require custom-made clothing. 
 

# These terms help in identifying the impact of proximity to thinner sizes and the different kinds of 

discrimination individuals face — where choice itself becomes a privilege. 
 
 
Aubrey Gordon. What_We_Don_39_t_Talk_About_When_We_Talk_About_Fat (pp. 9-10). 
Edición de Kindle. 
 
 
 
 
 

# 
## Part 2:
 


# Why Working Against Weight Stigma Achieves Body Liberation? 

 

# To understand why body liberation could be so crucial for the world as an end goal, we need to 

look into what kind of harm is caused by body shape and size discrimination, body shaming, as 
well as weight stigma. Therefore, this section will be explaining briefly, how well-being and 
self-expression in young people have an impact on their development. We will be highlighting 
the most common issues addressed to accessibility and inclusion, as well as consequences on 
physical and mental health. Last but not least, a chunk of this section is dedicated to providing 
youth work-specific insights. We should bear in mind that the data is geographically specific, 
presented to illustrate patterns rather than being strictly defined by statistics in the European 
context. 
 
 

# Broader issues regarding the inclusion of diverse bodies can be explained by a number of 

systemic shortcomings. While youth work appears to be hands-on, looking at the bigger picture, 
it's required to tackle these issues more effectively. Among activists, we often mention terms like 
oppression - prolonged, cruel, unjust treatment or the exercise of authority1. It is undeniable that 
there is injustice towards bodies that do not fit certain societal standards — injustice that is often 
cruel, even when not officially recognised. In the context of body shape and size, we also work 
with particular terms like ageism, lookism, sizeism, healthism, and weight bias (or fatphobia). 
You can learn more about each of these terms in the Glossary (page 36), however, they all refer 
to interconnected forms of discrimination and prejudice based on aspects of the body (like age, 
size, looks, health, and weight). By all means, certain types of bodies are considered to be more 
worthy than others. The primary focus of the following paragraphs will be weight bias and 
sizeism, but when reading, please consider intersectionality2 - body shaming and discrimination 
can occur in many similar and overlapping contexts. 
 

# Stereotypes and exclusion 

It unfolds in the daily lives of both - those with bodies that do not fit the “norm” as well as 
through cultivating fear of those in “normative” bodies for the possibility of becoming 
marginalized for these reasons. Through widespread narratives and imagery, certain bodies are 
portrayed as more desirable, capable, or worthy, while others are stigmatised as lazy, unhealthy, 
1 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/oppression 
2 interconnectedness of social categories, all of which shape an individual's experiences and 
opportunities. 
or unattractive3. Such stereotypes, whether consciously or unconsciously, reinforce exclusion 
within education, the workplace, and social life. According to the WHO, school-aged children 
with obesity are 63% more likely to be bullied; 54% of adults with obesity report experiencing 
stigma from co-workers, and 69% report facing stigma from healthcare professionals4. 

# Meanwhile, explicit bullying and harassment are common but are often overlooked in 

discussions about body shape and size. Indeed, weight bias and stigma are still frequently 
regarded as socially acceptable forms of discrimination5. 
 
 

# Barriers for medical care 

Yet another area with alarming levels of discrimination is the medical field. Individuals with 
higher weight often receive lower-quality medical care. Due to weight bias among medical staff, 
they are more likely to be misdiagnosed (including missed diagnoses of eating disorders) or to 
receive inadequate or delayed treatment. Outside the EU, statistics indicate that up to two-thirds 
of patients with higher weight have experienced stigmatisation by medical staff6. 
 

# Regardless of size or shape, weight stigma and body shaming pose risks to health and delay 

access to preventive medical care across all age groups. Anticipating that a doctor will attribute 
every complaint to weight reduces the likelihood of individuals seeking medical help7, decreases 
levels of physical activity, and increases feelings of shame about exercising in public8. In the 
long term, this also contributes to increased mortality risk, both through stress-related health 
conditions resulting from internalised shame and anxiety due to societal body shaming9, and 
through delayed access to medical care. 
 

# Challenges in educational settings 


# In the context of young people, it is important to examine rates of bullying and exclusion 

specifically within educational settings and among peers. Numerous studies highlight that 
3 Aparicio-Martinez, P., Perea-Moreno, A. J., Martinez-Jimenez, M. P., Redel-Macías, M. D., Pagliari, C., & 
Vaquero-Abellan, M. (2019). Social media, thin-ideal, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes: 
An exploratory analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(21), 4177. 
4 World Health Organization. (2017). Weight bias and obesity stigma: considerations for the WHO 
European Region (No. WHO/EURO: 2017-5369-45134-64401). World Health Organization. Regional 
Office for Europe. 
5 Puhl, R. M., & Brownell, K. D. (2003). Psychosocial origins of obesity stigma: toward changing a 
powerful and pervasive bias. Obesity reviews, 4(4), 213-227. 
6 (Puhl et al., 2021) 
7 Tomiyama, A. J. (2014). Weight stigma is stressful. A review of evidence for the Cyclic 
Obesity/Weight-Based Stigma model. Appetite, 82, 8-15. 
8 Vartanian, L. R., & Novak, S. A. (2011). Internalized societal attitudes moderate the impact of 
weight stigma on avoidance of exercise. Obesity, 19(4), 757-762. 
9 Sutin, A. R., Stephan, Y., & Terracciano, A. (2015). Weight discrimination and risk of mortality. 
Psychological science, 26(11), 1803-1811. 
students with higher body weight experience greater levels of injustice. A multi-national study 
also found that weight-based bullying is one of the most common forms of harassment in 
schools10. Even preschoolers often associate negative attributes and stereotypes with peers 
who have larger bodies11. Such findings have been reported by adolescents, their parents, and 
teachers across a range of research contexts12. In conclusion, this teasing and bullying can lead 
to social isolation and interfere with students’ academic performance13. Research indicates that 
teenagers with higher body weight are less likely to be selected as friends and are more likely to 
experience exclusion14. This isolation can damage social bonds and make it harder for them to 
succeed academically. Many students report that bullying negatively affects their grades and 
causes them to skip school to avoid being teased15. 

# Harmful narratives and lack of representation 

Young people are particularly vulnerable to harmful narratives conveyed through the media. 
Such bias in the public eye is perpetuated through two main forms — imagery and language. 
Many children’s television programmes and films reinforce stereotypes, often portraying slim 
characters as kind and popular, while depicting larger characters as mean, unhealthy, or the 
subject of ridicule16. Studies show that 70% of recent children’s films contain weight-based 
stigmatising content, with most targeting characters with obesity17. Youth-oriented television 
programmes also feature more weight-stigmatising content than those aimed at general 
audiences18. In addition, advertisements by companies excessively promote certain beauty 
ideals, with such imagery being ever-present and highly visible to children from an early age. 
 

# Only recently have popular media and culture become more open to portraying a broader 

diversity of bodies — including plus-size models, narratives challenging normative bodies, and 
the body positivity movement as a whole. However, such representations remain the exception. 

# As adolescents spend hours each day consuming media, these negative portrayals can shape 

their perceptions, making them more likely to express weight bias towards their peers. The lack 
10 Puhl RM, Latner JD, O’Brien K, Luedicke J, Forhan M, Danielsdottir S. Crossnational perspectives 
about weight based bullying in youth: nature, extent and remedies. Pediatr Obes. 2015;11(4):241–250 
11 Spiel EC, Paxton SJ, Yager Z. Weight attitudes in 3 to 5 year old children: age differences and cross 
sectional predictors. Body Image. 2012;9(4):524–527 AND Su W, Di Santo A. Preschool children’s 
perceptions of overweight peers. J Early Child Res. 2012;10(1):19–31 
12 Pont, S. J., Puhl, R., Cook, S. R., & Slusser, W. (2017). Stigma experienced by children and 
adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics, 140(6). 
13 Quick VM, McWilliams R, Byrd Bredbenner C. Fatty, fatty, two by four: weight teasing history and 
disturbed eating in young adult women. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(3):508–515 
14 Goldfield G, Moore C, Henderson K, Buchholz A, Obeid N, Flament M. The relation between weight 
based teasing and psychological adjustment in adolescents. Paediatr Child Health. 2010;15(5):283–288 
15 Puhl RM, Leudick J. Weightbased victimization among adolescents in the school setting: emotional 
reactions and coping behaviors. J Youth Adolesc. 2012;41(1):27–40 
16 Robinson T, Callister M, Jankoski T. Portrayal of body weight on children’s television sitcoms: a content 
analysis. Body Image. 2008;5(2):141–151 
17 Throop EM, Skinner AC, Perrin AJ, Steiner MJ, Odulana A, Perrin EM. Pass the popcorn: “obesogenic” 
behaviors and stigma in children’s movies. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014;22(7):1694–1700 
18 Eisenberg ME, CarlsonMcGuire A, Gollust SE, NeumarkSztainer D. A content analysis of weight 
stigmatization in popular television programming for adolescents. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48(6):759–766 
of representation of diverse and relatable body types, shapes, and sizes not only creates an 
unhealthy image of what human bodies are like but also fosters unrealistic expectations among 
young people regarding their bodies. 
 

# Falling into the false illusion that reminding a person to work harder on their body will help them 

is one of the most common misconceptions. In reality, such actions often have the opposite 
effect. During adolescence, receiving comments or being teased about weight can lead to 
weight gain and increase the likelihood of overweight in adulthood, creating a harmful cycle in 
which weight gain raises the risk of further teasing and bullying19. Moreover, individuals 
considered to have a body weight above the norm are three times less likely to lose excess 
weight if they experience weight stigma20. 
 

# Following the narrative that certain bodies are better than others, the information circulated 

about the obesity epidemic, diets, and various aesthetic procedures — from minor to particularly 
invasive21 — shapes body perception itself, framing it as something in constant need of 
improvement. There is comparatively little information available on concepts such as Health at 

# Every Size22 and body neutrality, which promote a more authentic and human existence in all 

bodies. 
 
 

# Gender inequality 


# Discrimination based on body shape and size should also be recognised as an issue of gender 

inequality. Women, particularly those with larger bodies, face significantly greater societal 
pressure regarding body image and weight compared to men. Fat women often experience 
harsher weight bias and are more vulnerable to unfair treatment and discrimination. For 
example, several studies have shown that college-aged women with a body mass index (BMI) 
much higher than average were half as likely to be dating compared to women with a much 
lower-than-average BMI. For men, weight appeared to have little effect on their dating 
prospects23. In large-scale US samples, fat women were 16 times more likely than men to 
perceive weight-based discrimination during the hiring process24 and, if hired, tended to earn 
19 Pont, S. J., Puhl, R., Cook, S. R., & Slusser, W. (2017). Stigma experienced by children and 
adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics, 140(6). 
20 Sutin, A. R., & Terracciano, A. (2013). Perceived weight discrimination and obesity. PloS one, 
8(7), e70048. 
21 Due to limited space in this manual we will not discuss this in much detail, but many body liberation and 
fat activists broadly expose the ways how such narratives feed the harmful bias and discrimination. 
22 https://asdah.org/haes/ 
23 Lee, C. (2011). Body mass index and body image dysfunction as predictors of women's perceived 
romantic relationship quality. 
24 Roehling, M. V., Roehling, P. V., & Pichler, S. (2007). The relationship between body weight and 
perceived weight-related employment discrimination: The role of sex and race. Journal of Vocational 
Behavior, 71(2), 300-318. 
less25. These are just a few examples among many. In conclusion, discrimination based on size 
and shape must also be addressed as part of the broader effort to achieve gender equality. 
 

# Accessibility issues 


# In addition to harmful attitudes, people of different sizes and shapes also face a widespread lack 

of access to spaces and everyday items. Most commonly, this is experienced through unsuitable 
equipment — such as the size and durability of seating, medical apparatus, and restrooms — 
and limited clothing options, with restrictions in both sizes and available designs, or overall 
accessibility. Standardised solutions have failed to accommodate the needs of diverse bodies, 
and encountering such tangible shortcomings on a daily basis not only creates barriers to 
participation in public life but also further delays the development of a sense of belonging. 
 

# Effects on mental health and participation 


# The impact of all that has been described above demonstrates, without doubt, that systemic 

issues profoundly affect individuals. With such constant experiences, the adverse effects can be 
damaging to a person’s livelihood. One important concept to understand in this context is 
internalisation — the process by which individuals adopt and integrate societal values, norms, 
and standards as their own26. Experiencing ongoing body shaming, discrimination, and bias, 
one applies such beliefs not only towards other people, but especially to their own. It creates 
poor self- and body image, low self-esteem, and other lasting effects on mental and physical 
health. 
 

# For example, young people who are teased or bullied about their weight are more likely to 

experience mental health struggles, such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, poor body 
image, and substance use. Even more so, suicidal thoughts among young people who are 
teased for their weight are 2 times more common than among those who are not. Weight stigma 
can also harm their eating habits, leading to eating disorders, emotional eating, and unhealthy 
dieting27. It can make physical activity less enjoyable and cause them to avoid activities like gym 
class or sports because these are common places where they might face teasing28. 
25 Fikkan, J. L., & Rothblum, E. D. (2012). Is fat a feminist issue? Exploring the gendered nature of weight 
bias. Sex Roles, 66, 575-592. 
26 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/internalization 
27Vartanian, L. R., & Porter, A. M. (2016). Weight stigma and eating behavior: A review of the literature. 
Appetite, 102, 3-14. 
28 Pont, S. J., Puhl, R., Cook, S. R., & Slusser, W. (2017). Stigma experienced by children and 
adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics, 140(6). 
 
 
 
 
 

# Altogether, these interconnected issues affect how young individuals live their lives, often 

preventing them from fully participating in society. They can cause individuals to lose connection 
with their true selves, limit their creativity, and undermine their bodily autonomy. As a result, they 
may become less likely to participate in activities where they feel their bodies will be judged, 
such as public speaking, performances, team activities, or dating. The lack of self-expression 
can affect emotional growth and delay the development of important social skills. As youth work 
is particularly focused on increasing participation, all these aspects are crucial considerations. 
 

# THE YOUTH WORK PERSPECTIVE 


# Youth work holds immense potential for supporting young people in ways that help them feel 

valued — for example, by developing skills, fostering inspiration, and building a sense of 
belonging. Those of us involved in the field are passionately committed to improving young 
people’s lives. However, there is still much to be learned — and much more to be unlearned — 
both systemically and individually. Over decades of activity in the field, we have identified 
several challenges concerning the inclusion of diverse bodies. 
1) Absence of methodological tools and inclusive practices 

# Talking about and addressing issues related to personal experiences within our bodies requires 

particular sensitivity and adaptation. Not only is there a significant lack of methodological tools 
to educate on these matters, but some existing practices are also not suited to all bodies. A 
common example is that many energisers and ice-breaking activities involve squatting, jumping, 
and other movements that may not be possible or comfortable for everyone. Youth workers are 
not always accustomed to considering this or checking in with participants about the more 
subtle needs of their bodies. 
2) Lack of accessibility 

# Usually discussed in the context of disabilities, accessibility is a common topic when addressing 

inclusion. However, it remains the case that many physical spaces exclude certain bodies, 
whether through ill-fitting or unsafe furniture, or a lack of accessible solutions such as lifts to 
upper floors. Addressing these issues requires greater awareness and intentional design to 
create youth workspaces that are truly inclusive and welcoming for all bodies. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3) Lack of body-neutral language and attitudes 
This aspect is more personal and requires effort from youth workers on an individual level. Each 
person carries their own beliefs and understanding of the world we live in. In the current climate 
of limited awareness, youth workers may, at times, inadvertently perpetuate stereotypes 
themselves. Comments about body size, shape, or weight — often unintended — are all too 
common. A lack of inclusive language practices, as well as sensitivity towards differing bodily 
experiences, can be at best insensitive and, at worst, harmful. 
4) Lack of role models 

# One of the most valuable roles of youth work is specifically the power to inspire and 

provide role models. Unfortunately, many involved in youth work are not yet able to 
embrace all bodies (their own and the ones around them) in their full beauty and 
diversity. It is a missed opportunity for challenging many of the existing biases and a 
major gap for positive influence on youth. 

# Barriers to overcome when working with topics related to bodies 

 

# Conversations about bodies can arise in numerous contexts, very likely you might have already 

encountered some of them — not only in discussions about body image, body awareness, and 
embodiment, but also concerning bullying and harassment, body inclusion (fat, queer, disabled, 
etc.), media literacy, and critical thinking. 

# Nonetheless, conversations about body shape and size are often taboo due to prevailing 

societal stigma, unless the body and its appearance are being criticised or considered within a 
medical context. It is also a highly personal and sensitive topic that can be fraught with tension, 
particularly when self-awareness and value systems are not yet fully developed, as is often the 
case with young people. 
 

# You will find below several gaps and barriers that you might encounter in body liberation youth 

work. These vulnerabilities should be taken into consideration when designing human 
experiences and developing content within an educational context. Alternatively, these 
guidelines could serve as a starting point for exploring the creation of tangible solutions to 
support young people. 
 
 
1. Lack of awareness about systemic issues and existing 
narratives. 

# Youth may not recognise the broader societal forces shaping body 

shaming/conditioning/policing or the impact these narratives have on their self-perception. 
2. Emotional and physical insecurities. 
 Even if youth workers are committed to creating safe spaces, young people don’t always feel 
completely safe sharing their full selves due to past dismissals or existing society bias. Some 
topics or activities might feel especially vulnerable and activate insecurities related to the 
perceived appearance and performance shortcomings of their bodies. 
3. Lack of belief in the power of change. 

# Being overwhelmed by stereotypes or the existing systems can make youth feel that speaking 

up is useless, as nothing will improve. So they remain silent. 
4. Lack of tools and language for discussing body-related issues. 

# Without the vocabulary or practice to articulate their positive and negative embodied 

experiences, youth may struggle to express their feelings or confront body-related stigma. 
5. Difficulty challenging dominant societal views. 

# Speaking out against the majority or standing up to ingrained narratives can feel scary and 

requires courage that many may not yet have. 
6. ..or a complex combination of several of these points. 
 

# Our experiences during formative years directly influence our entire lives, impacting everything 

from physical health to our sense of belonging and ability to thrive. It is therefore easy to 
understand the importance of working towards a world where every person can feel free and at 
ease in their own body — whatever characteristics they may possess. We hope that this brief 
insight has helped to raise your awareness of why body liberation work is so crucial. You may 
also find this information useful when advocating within your communities or when planning 
future activities. 

# 
## Part 3:
 Solutions 


# Our Shared Vision: What We Want, and How We Get There 

At the heart of body liberation, we believe in the possibility of a greater and fairer world — one 
where no one is shamed or excluded because of how their body looks, moves, or exists. This 
section outlines the vision that guides our work and the paths we see towards making it a reality. 
We envision a world where all bodies can live shame-free and joyful lives. 

# A world where: 

● No one is judged based on their body size, shape, ability, or appearance. 
 
● Everyone is seen, included, and valued. 
 
● People can grow up and grow old, reaching their full potential without facing 
discrimination. 
 
● Society ensures equal opportunities in every aspect of life—from education and public 
spaces to careers, healthcare, and relationships. 
 
This is not just a dream — it is a direction. And it is one we can move towards, step by step, with 
intention and care. 

# To turn this vision into action, we focus on three interconnected areas of change: 

1. Educate, Advocate, and Promote Inclusion 
● Youth workers and educators build awareness of their own biases and develop tools to 
challenge weight stigma, fatphobia, and body discrimination. 
 
● Inclusive practices become more common across youth work, education, and cultural 
spaces. 
 
● Society begins to challenge harmful beauty ideals and myths about what different bodies 
can or cannot do. 
 
2. Empower, Equip, and Inspire Individuals 
● People of all body types are supported in building confidence and self-acceptance. 
 
● Clothing that fits diverse bodies is accessible and available. 
 
● Medical care, workplaces, and public spaces are designed to be inclusive and 
accommodating. 
 
● Social and romantic opportunities are not limited by appearance or body size. 
 
3. Challenge and Transform Systems 
● We dismantle systems that treat some bodies as more valuable than others. 
 
● Discrimination in media, healthcare, employment, and education is actively addressed. 
 
● Representation of all bodies is prioritized, ensuring visibility, respect, and belonging. 
 
● Cities, communities, and services are made accessible and welcoming for all. 
 

# In everything we do, we aim for: 

● Fair treatment—across all areas of life, for all bodies. 
 
● Validation of lived experiences—ensuring people feel heard, seen, and respected. 
 
● Breaking societal barriers—especially those that keep people from fully participating 
because of how they look or move. 
 
Together, we are not just imagining change—we are creating it. We are building a world where 
all bodies are honored, included, and free to exist without shame, apology, or limitation. 
 

# From Awareness to Action 


# Understanding the roots and impact of weight stigma and body-based discrimination is only one 

part of the journey toward body liberation. Awareness is essential; however, what we do with 
that awareness begins to shift systems and change lives. This chapter is dedicated to exploring 
what those actions couldn’t look like. 
Importantly, we know that the road to body liberation is not linear. There is no one-size-fits-all 
approach, and many solutions need to be adaptable to different cultures, languages, and 
personal backgrounds. Finally, we provide a set of non-fixed rules, shaped as a toolkit built with 
ideas and methods ready to be implemented into their practice. To try, test, and grow with. 
We are starting by introducing microlearning—an innovative and youth-friendly way of raising 
awareness and fostering learning in small, digestible formats. Next, we explore inclusive 
practices and how they can be embedded into youth work to support people of all body types. 

# We then present the concept of micro-activism, showing how small acts of resistance and 

advocacy can build collective momentum. We continue with a chapter on inclusive language, 
helping you become more intentional with words as powerful tools for change. Finally, we offer a 
set of non-formal education activities that invite deeper reflection, embodiment, and dialogue 
around body liberation. 

# This chapter is our contribution to building a world where all bodies are welcomed, affirmed, and 

free. Let’s move from awareness into action—step by step, word by word, and body by body. 
 

# Body Liberation Microlearning 

 

# What is Microlearning? 

 

# Microlearning refers to short, focused chunks of information designed to achieve a specific 

learning outcome. 
 

# Key aspects of microlearning: 

● Happens mainly online 
● Adapted to contemporary learners and their expectations 
● Self-paced and easily accessible anytime 
● Designed to meet a specific learning outcome or objective 
● Short – the duration is not clearly defined and depends on the learning objective, but 
typically Microlearning content takes the learner 1-10 minutes to consume 
● Designed to prevent cognitive overload 
● Optimized for mobile devices to cater to on-the-go learning. 
● Highly Visual and Simplified 
 
 

# The microlearning methodology originated in the corporate world and began to enter the 

mainstream in the 2000s. Organisations recognised the potential of this approach to 
enhance knowledge retention and engagement in corporate training programmes. It 
responds to the common needs of today’s learners, who have shorter attention spans 
than ever, by providing relevant, easily accessible content in a consistent and engaging 
format. 
 

# One of the key aspects of the methodology is the consumption of the content, which 

places it between informal and formal, or non-formal education. The learning provider 
creates the content with specific objectives and clear learning outcomes, which are 
characteristic of formal and non-formal education. On the other hand, content can be 
consumed randomly, and learning can be ¨accidental¨, which characterizes informal 
learning. 
 

# Examples of microlearning: 

● Short videos 
● Infographics and illustrations 
● Questionnaires 
● Interactive tutorials 
● Interactive resources 
● Online mini-courses 
● Gamification activities 
● Checklists 
● Podcasts 
● Quizzes and games 
● Action-led microlearning (This microlearning example encourages learners to 
be reflective and actively engage with the content by putting their plan together 
for developing their skills instead of passively absorbing information.) 
 

# Why Microlearning in Youth Work? 

 
1. To Be Where Young People Are. 

# Young people spend a significant portion of their time on social media platforms and 

using mobile devices. Microlearning allows youth workers to meet them in their digital 
spaces, leveraging platforms like Instagram, TikTok, or YouTube to deliver educational 
content effectively. 
 
2. To Adapt to Modern Learning Needs 
Modern learners prefer bite-sized, engaging content that fits into their fast-paced lives. 

# Microlearning aligns with this preference by providing short, impactful lessons that are 

easy to consume and retain, making education relevant to today’s youth. 
 
3. To Make Learning Accessible and Flexible 
Microlearning content is mobile-friendly and accessible anytime, anywhere. This 
flexibility ensures that young people can engage with educational material at their 
convenience, breaking barriers like location, time, or device limitations. 
 
4. Raising Interest and Awareness 
 
Often, young people don’t realise they lack knowledge or skills in certain areas—this is 
known as unconscious incompetence, the first stage of the Four Stages of Competence 
model. To start developing a competence, awareness must first be raised. For example, 
a young person cannot develop the ability to participate in a learning mobility program if 
they don’t know such opportunities exist. Microlearning is an effective tool for raising 
awareness, especially about social issues and topics like body liberation. 
 
5. To Make Learning More Efficient 
Microlearning prevents cognitive overload by focusing on one concept or skill at a time. 

# This structured approach makes learning more efficient, helping young people retain 

information better and apply it in real-life contexts. 
 
6. Compatible with Learning Mobility 

# Youth work often involves mobility, such as exchange programs, workshops, or outreach 

activities. Microlearning supports this by offering portable and adaptable content that 
young people can access on the go, ensuring continuity in their learning experience. 
 
 
 
 

# Body Liberation Microlearning Methodology 

 

# Microlearning is a versatile educational approach that can and should be tailored to the 

specific context, objectives, and the target groups it serves. Just as we would not use 
the same methods for onboarding a new employee as we would for raising awareness 
about body shaming, microlearning in the context of body liberation must be designed 
with intention and purpose. 

# The Body Liberation Methodology provides a structured framework to plan 

educational activities better and choose the right tools to achieve specific goals with 
both young people and youth workers. It is important to note that this methodology is 
not a one-size-fits-all solution that addresses all the challenges young people face 
regarding body image. Rather, it is an essential tool that can contribute significantly to 
the broader goal of promoting body liberation and challenging harmful societal norms 
around body size and shape. 

# Our methodology is organised around GOALS, each of which corresponds to a specific 

objective. For each function, we identified its target group, appropriate tools, and 
additional comments to ensure the approach is both effective and adaptable. 

# The target groups for this project are as follows: 

1. Youth Workers and Educators – including organisations they represent, 
individuals who work primarily in the fields of inclusion, mental health, body 
image, and acceptance, even when their roles extend beyond these topics. 
2. Youth of Europe – All young people between 13 and 30 years old, with a 
primary focus on raising awareness about body liberation and the importance of 
tackling body shaming. 
 

# GOAL 1: Raise Awareness About the Need to Address the Topic of Body Liberation 

Target Group: Youth Workers & Young People 
 

# Proposed Objectives: 

● Understand the concept of body liberation. 
● Recognise who suffers from aesthetic violence and body shaming. 
● Identify the challenges young people face related to body image. 
● Understand the consequences of body shaming, body size, and shape 
discrimination. 
● Learn key terms related to body liberation and weight stigma. 
● Become more aware of the effects of weight stigma on young people. 
● Understand body liberation principles as a potential solution. 
● Explore inclusive language and rule it over body liberation. 

# Proposed Microlearning Tools: 

1. Short Videos: 
 1-2 minute videos introducing key concepts such as "What is Body Liberation?", 
"What is Aesthetic Violence?", and "The Impact of Weight Stigma." 
 Why? These videos are quick to consume, eye-catching, and shareable on 
social media, making them ideal for reaching a broad audience. 
 Objective: Create a foundation of understanding about body liberation and body 
shaming. 
 
2. Visuals & Infographics: 
 Visually striking infographics that explain body shaming statistics, the effects of 
weight stigma, or definitions of key terms. 
 Why? Infographics are a great way to distill complex concepts into digestible, 
visually appealing content that can easily be shared or displayed in youth 
settings. 
 Objective: Raise awareness about body shaming, weight stigma, and the 
importance of body liberation. 
 
3. Checklists: 
 Simple, actionable checklists like "Signs of Body Shaming" or "How to Use 
Inclusive Language." 
 Why? Easy-to-follow and applicable immediately. These tools encourage active 
participation and self-reflection. 
 Objective: Guide users in identifying and changing harmful behaviors. 
 
4. Social Media Challenges: 
 Organise a "Body Liberation Awareness Week" challenge, where participants 
share their thoughts or actions related to body-related topics. 
 Why? Engages youth in a fun, participatory way, encouraging them to reflect and 
share their experiences. 
 Objective: Foster a sense of community and raise awareness of body liberation 
principles. 
 
5. Quizzes & Polls: 
 Create short, interactive quizzes (e.g., "How much do you know about body 
shaming?" or "Test your body liberation knowledge") that allow users to gauge 
their understanding. 
 Why? Quizzes make learning more interactive and can help assess 
understanding. Polls can also be used to gather audience perspectives. 
 Objective: Deepen understanding through active recall and self-assessment. 
 

# Comment: The goal is to provide engaging, bite-sized content that captures attention 

and sparks curiosity. Since learners are often unfamiliar with the topic, the content 
should be engaging and easy to process, using interactive elements to maintain their 
interest. 
 

# GOAL 2: Inclusive Practices Growth Toward All Body Sizes and Types 


# Target Group: Youth Workers 


# Proposed Objectives: 

● Gain knowledge and skills to address body size and shape discrimination, body 
shaming, and hate speech among young people. 
● Learn best practices to address body shaming and promote body inclusivity. 
● Discover examples of inclusive practices and tools to initiate discussions. 
● Understand the role of body liberation in youth work and inclusion. 
● Learn where to find additional resources and stakeholders working on this issue. 

# Proposed Microlearning Tools: 

1. Short Video Lectures: 
 5-7 minute videos from experts or experienced youth workers discussing topics 
like "How to Address Body Shaming in Youth Groups" or "Inclusive Language in 
Practice." 
 Why? Provides more detailed insights while keeping the learner engaged with 
shorter formats. 
 Objective: Equip youth workers with concrete knowledge and strategies to foster 
inclusivity. 
 
2. Visuals & Infographics: 
 Infographics with key principles of body liberation in youth work, such as "Steps 
to Handle Body Shaming in Group Settings" or "Promoting Body Inclusivity." 
 Why? Visuals simplify complex topics, making them accessible and actionable. 
 Objective: Provide clear guidelines for practical action. 
 
3. Checklists: 
 A checklist for youth workers, like "Inclusive Youth Group Activities" or "Steps to 
Implement Body Liberation in Your Program." 
 Why? Offers practical guidance that youth workers can follow step-by-step. 
 Objective: Foster concrete actions towards more inclusive practices in youth 
work. 
 
4. Micro-MOOC (Massive Open Online Course): 
 A series of short modules (each around 5–10 minutes) that guide youth workers 
through topics like body shaming, inclusive practices, and practical steps for 
creating supportive environments. 
 Why? Structured learning with opportunities for quizzes, interaction, and deeper 
engagement. 
 Objective: Offer in-depth learning with practical tools and resources for 
implementation. 
 
5. Interactive Webinars or Live Q&A Sessions: 
 Host live webinars with experts or experienced youth workers where youth 
workers can ask questions and discuss challenges. 
 Why? Interactive sessions provide real-time learning and peer-to-peer 
exchange. 
 Objective: Deepen understanding and facilitate the sharing of best practices. 
 
6. Resource Database: 
 Curate a digital resource hub with articles, videos, guides, and tools that help 
youth workers continue their education on body liberation. 
 Why? A one-stop shop for ongoing learning and access to relevant tools and 
resources. 
 Objective: Provide youth workers with easy access to materials that support their 
practice. 
 

# Comment: For youth workers, the tools should be interactive, informative, and support 

action-oriented learning. The aim is not only to raise awareness but to equip them with 
practical, implementable strategies that they can use immediately. 
 
 

# GOAL 3: Initiate Discussions on Weight Stigma and Body Size or Shape Discrimination in 


# European Youth Work 


# Target Group: Youth Workers 


# Proposed Objectives: 

● Understand controversies around the topic and how to handle them. 
● Raise motivation among youth workers to engage in the topic of body liberation. 
● Initiate a process of de-stigmatising the word "fat" and showcase tangible 
benefits for those harmed by body shaming. 
● Bring attention to body size and shape discrimination in the European Youth 
Work Agenda. 
● Create a community of people interested in the topic 

# Proposed Microlearning Tools: 

1. Short Videos: 
 1–2 minute videos highlighting controversies around body size discrimination, 
such as the de-stigmatisation of the word "fat" or addressing weight-related jokes 
in youth spaces. 
 Why? Quick and attention-grabbing content that highlights the importance of the 
topic. 
 Objective: Spark curiosity and motivation for deeper engagement in the topic. 
 
2. Visuals & Infographics: 
 Create a series of visuals on the benefits of body liberation and the importance 
of addressing weight stigma in youth work, such as "Why We Need to 
De-stigmatise the Word 'Fat'" or "The Impact of Weight Discrimination on Youth 
Mental Health." 
 Why? Visually compelling content that supports arguments and makes them 
easier to understand and discuss. 
 Objective: Raise awareness and challenge harmful stereotypes. 
 
3. Checklists: 
 A checklist for youth workers with actions like "How to Start Conversations on 
Body Liberation" or "How to Facilitate Discussions About Weight Stigma." 
 Why? Provides concrete steps that youth workers can take to initiate these 
important discussions. 
 Objective: Empower youth workers to start conversations that may be difficult 
but are necessary for change. 
 
4. Podcast Series: 
 A podcast series that explores topics like weight stigma, the politics of body 
image, and real-life stories of people affected by body shaming. 
 Why? Podcasts provide an opportunity to dive deep into complex topics and 
hear from multiple perspectives. 
 Objective: Provide an in-depth exploration of controversies and provide 
actionable solutions. 
 
5. Online Discussion Forums or Social Media Groups: 
 Create a space (e.g., on a platform like Instagram, Facebook, or other 
community-building tool) where youth workers and young people can share 
ideas, challenges, and resources on body liberation. 
 Why? Community-building through open dialogues helps normalize the 
discussion and builds collective action. 
 Objective: Build a practice community that allows peer support and resource 
sharing. 
 
6. Interactive Polls & Surveys: 
 Use polls and surveys to ask youth workers and young people about their 
experiences with body shaming and weight stigma. The data could be shared 
anonymously to foster discussion. 
 Why? Polls and surveys allow learners realising where they stand compared to 
others, which could showcase the importance of the issue. 
 Objective: Gather insights while encouraging reflection and participation. 
Comment: In this phase, the goal is to begin and sustain meaningful conversations. 

# Both viral and knowledge-based tools should be used to ensure a balance between 

sparking interest and providing depth. 
 
 

# Body Liberation Microlearning Best Practices Checklist 

✅ CREATE CONTENT WHICH FITS DIVERSE LEARNING STYLES 

# Cater to different learning styles by including a variety of media such as videos, infographics, 

written content, and interactive elements. This ensures that everyone has an opportunity to 
engage with the material effectively. 
✅ REMINDING ABOUT THE CONTENT BEING INCLUSIVE (AND REPRESENTATIVE) 
Ensure that all content represents a wide range of identities and experiences. Avoid stereotypes 
and provide representation for diverse bodies, abilities, and perspectives. 
✅ CREATE A SOCIAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AND COMMUNITY BUILDING AROUND 

# THE TOPIC 


# Encourage interaction among learners by incorporating community space, group activities, and 

opportunities for peer support. Create a safe space for sharing experiences and learning 
collaboratively. 
✅ ALWAYS LINK ADDITIONAL RESOURCES FOR THOSE WHO WANT TO FOLLOW UP 

# Provide links to articles, books, videos, or expert interviews for learners who wish to deepen 

their understanding. Highlight trustworthy, relevant resources and resources by the Body 
Liberation Network. 
✅ DEVELOP HIGH-QUALITY CONTENT WHICH IS SHAREABLE 

# Use professional tools and high-quality visuals, audio, and design to create content that users 

are excited to share. This helps extend the reach and impact of your message. 
✅ USE GOOD TITLES FOR SEO BUT AVOID CLICKBAIT 

# Write engaging and clear titles that accurately represent the content to improve search engine 

visibility. Steer clear of misleading or exaggerated claims. 
 

# Body Liberation Inclusive Practices 


# To support body liberation, inclusive practices foster environments where everyone feels 

respected, valued, experiences a sense of belonging, and is empowered to engage fully. 

# Drawing on insights from the Inclusion Toolbox, these practices can foster understanding, 

reduce stigma, and promote acceptance of diverse body types, sizes, abilities, and identities. In 
microlearning, these practices become especially powerful, offering small, consistent actions 
that gradually build a culture of inclusivity. 
1. Embracing Diversity in All Forms 
Inclusive practices start with an acknowledgment of diversity. This means actively affirming that 
bodies of all types, sizes, and abilities have value. Inclusion-focused microlearning can use 
diverse representation in images, examples, and case studies to showcase various body types, 
challenging narrow standards of appearance. For example, using real stories and visuals that 
depict a range of body sizes, physical abilities, and ages can make educational content more 
relatable and meaningful to a wide audience. 
Microlearning modules can focus on debunking myths around "ideal" bodies, exploring how 
societal standards impact mental health and self-perception, and demonstrating the beauty in 
uniqueness. This approach fosters a foundation where learners understand that all bodies, 
including those that may not fit societal "norms," are deserving of respect and inclusion. 
2. Creating Accessible Learning Environments 
Accessibility is essential to inclusive body liberation practices. All materials should be designed 
with diverse needs in mind, using formats that ensure learning is accessible to everybody. For 
instance, providing closed captions on videos, using screen-reader-compatible text, and offering 
both visual and auditory learning options can make content accessible for everyone, including 
those with physical or sensory disabilities. 

# Additionally, inclusive microlearning should consider pacing and content adaptability, allowing 

learners to engage at their own pace and revisit material when needed. This accessibility not 
only ensures broader participation but also communicates that learning should be inclusive of 
everyone's needs, reinforcing the message that all bodies have value and potential. 
3. Promoting a Culture of Belonging 
Body liberation depends on creating a strong sense of belonging for all individuals. 

# Microlearning can cultivate this by encouraging empathy and self-reflection, helping learners 

understand how their body perception has been shaped and how they can contribute to a more 
inclusive society. Including exercises like self-reflective journaling, discussions, or 
scenario-based learning can help individuals recognise their own biases, examine the roots of 
these attitudes, and explore inclusive behaviors. 

# In practice, this might involve short, reflective activities that prompt learners to think about how 

they can affirm diverse bodies in their daily interactions. By providing structured, reflective 
prompts, microlearning can create a safe space for learners to identify and challenge harmful 
beliefs, while also celebrating diversity and promoting acceptance. 
4. Educating on Non-Discriminatory Language and Behavior 
Language shapes perceptions and influences attitudes. Inclusive microlearning should educate 
learners on using non-discriminatory, respectful language and behaviors when discussing 
bodies. By teaching inclusive terminology and encouraging respectful dialogue, we can help 
learners become more mindful of how words impact others. Modules can focus on common 
language mistakes, respectful corrections, and examples of inclusive vocabulary, which 
contribute to a culture that respects bodily diversity. 
Additionally, learners can engage in scenarios where they practice inclusive communication. 

# Through these exercises, learners gain skills to respond thoughtfully to body-shaming or 

discriminatory comments, fostering environments that promote body liberation. 
5. Addressing Implicit Biases and Stereotypes 

# Implicit biases often reinforce exclusionary attitudes toward certain body types, sizes, or 

abilities. Microlearning offers an accessible, gradual way to tackle these biases, helping learners 
become more aware of their unconscious assumptions. Short assessments, reflective prompts, 
and situational exercises can raise awareness about personal biases related to bodies and 
guide learners to replace these biases with understanding and acceptance. 

# Learners could participate in activities where they identify and challenge common stereotypes, 

such as assumptions about health based on size or capability based on appearance. This 
awareness can lead to more empathetic behaviors and a stronger commitment to body-positive, 
inclusive interactions. 

# Conclusion 


# Inclusive practices in body liberation empower individuals to challenge body-based prejudice, 

foster respect, and promote acceptance. By integrating these practices into microlearning 
modules, we can cultivate small yet impactful changes in mindset and behaviour. Through 
embracing diversity, ensuring accessibility, fostering a sense of belonging, using respectful 
language, and addressing biases, we lay the foundation for a more inclusive society — one 
where everybody is recognised, respected, and free to thrive. 
 
 
https://rm.coe.int/inclusion-toolbox-final/1680a9173e 
 
 

# Micro-activism 

In the field of body liberation and fat acceptance, we often call ourselves activists. This is 
because our work isn’t just youth work or education—it’s about resisting and challenging 
existing norms and practices. And for what matters - assisting others in doing it. While in the EU 
youth work often focuses on local and international activities to create a more inclusive society, 
this section of the manual shines a light on another kind of activism. You don’t need a title or a 
big plan to start advocating for a world where everybody is valued and free to exist 
authentically! This is where micro-activism comes in. These are small, meaningful actions 
taken by one or two people. It is accessible, spontaneous, and impactful as it does not require 
lots of resources and can be done even by those who don’t consider themselves particularly 
active or outspoken. 
 

# Here are 9 ways you can practice micro-activism already now: 

 
1. Learn about body shape and size discrimination. 
This topic is new, and many myths need debunking. Start by educating yourself about body size 
and shape injustice in society. If you're unsure where to begin, check out our glossary and 
expand from there. Explore content in formats you prefer—books, articles, videos, or others. 

# Reflect critically on how societal norms, policies, and practices sustain systems of discrimination 

and marginalise certain types of bodies. The more you learn, the easier it becomes to recognise 
and challenge these injustices. 
 
2. Listen actively to those marginalised 
In addition to learning from secondary sources, learn from the people around you. Gaining 
personal insight into lived experiences is one of the most valuable ways to understand the 
impact of body shape and size discrimination. Open and unbiased conversations on this topic 
remain rare; therefore, actively seek opportunities to raise your awareness. Ask questions 
yourself and give people of all shapes and sizes the space to share their experiences. Keep 
your eyes and ears open — but even more so, your mind and heart — to realities that may 
challenge many mainstream beliefs. This applies both privately and in youth work. 
 
3. Radical self-acceptance 
In a culture that profits from body dissatisfaction, being content — even happy — in your body is 
an act of resistance. It begins with examining your beliefs and your relationship with your body. 

# Change occurs when you recognise and reject external notions, choosing to exist just as you 

are. This may involve rethinking beauty standards, societal expectations, and ideas of what is 
considered “acceptable.” From there, you work towards radical self-acceptance. 

# How does this help others? By living authentically and unapologetically, you show others the 

beauty of body diversity. For young people, especially, this representation shapes their 
understanding of what is “normal” and “acceptable.” If you live in a marginalised body, your 
example becomes even more powerful, offering another perspective and modelling body 
liberation for others. 
 
4. Use language as a form of activism 

# In this manual, you will find a more detailed chapter on inclusive language that you can apply 

both individually and in your work. Beyond being mindful, you can also use language 
intentionally as a tool for activism. For example, using the word fat as a neutral descriptor 
contributes to creating a world where the word cannot be weaponized to harm others. It is a way 
of reclaiming power — but it remains important to be sensitive about where and how you use it. 
 
5. Support marginalised voices on social media 

# Most action takes place at a grassroots level, long before we reach widespread consensus on 

body shape and size discrimination. In our daily lives, this is evident in the work of activists and 
content creators on social media. They educate society and spark a wide range of 
conversations about body diversity, while providing visibility and representation for marginalised 
bodies. 

# As a social media user, you have significant power that can be harnessed as a tool for everyday 

activism. By following and engaging with the content of these creators, you help to increase 
their visibility. Additionally, by sharing their content on your channels, you not only extend their 
reach but also raise awareness within your networks. 
 
 
6. Support for ethical businesses and organisations 

# Choose to support businesses, brands, and organisations that align with the values of body 

liberation. This might include companies that offer inclusive sizing, advocate for diversity, or 
explicitly reject discrimination based on body size and shape. Providing financial and vocal 
support to ethical and small businesses owned by people from marginalised groups sends a 
powerful message and supports their livelihoods. At the same time, their success contributes to 
the broader success of the cause itself. 
 
7. Advocate, stand up, or just be an ally. 
Use your voice and privilege to advocate for those who are marginalised. In youth work, 
this might mean taking action to make spaces more inclusive for young people. On a 
personal level, such advocacy can be as simple as redirecting a conversation, speaking 
out against body shaming and other harmful comments, or checking in on a friend who 
has experienced discrimination. Simply showing that injustice does not go unnoticed can 
be one of the most powerful ways to make a difference in someone’s life. 
 
8. Organise a support group. 

# Support groups are a powerful way to build community and solidarity, helping participants feel 

seen and validated. Such groups create judgment-free spaces that offer emotional support and 
empower individuals to navigate and resist injustices related to body shape and size collectively. 

# Simply coming together with like-minded friends who share similar struggles, or facilitating an 

open support group for young people, can be a simple yet deeply rewarding step towards 
change. 
 
9. Extend your inclusion work by adding body diversity as a topic. 

# It is remarkably easy to increase the role of youth work in addressing body shape and size 

discrimination — especially if you are already working on inclusion topics with young people or 
other audiences. From now on, whenever you create educational materials, facilitate an event, 
or write a project, simply remember to include body shape and size as legitimate grounds for 
discrimination. By integrating this topic as an extension of your existing practices, you can make 
a small but consistent contribution towards a broader and more inclusive youth work. 
 

# Inclusive Language: A Tool for Change 

Language is one of the most powerful tools we use every day. It shapes perceptions, builds 
narratives, and either reinforces or challenges societal norms. In youth work and activist 
spaces, it’s crucial to reflect on whether the words we choose are truly inclusive. Inclusive 
language is not about perfection — it’s about intention, impact, and a commitment to learning. 

# So, how do we ensure our language promotes inclusion and avoids stereotypes? Start by 

asking: Am I using gender-sensitive language? Am I mindful of people’s identities and 
experiences? Am I unintentionally reinforcing microaggressions or outdated ideas? 

# Inclusive language respects self-identification and centres the voices of those we speak about 

or with. For example, using gender-neutral terms like “parents” instead of “mother/father” 
creates space for diverse family structures. Similarly, when referring to people with disabilities or 
other marginalised groups, person-first language (“person with a disability”) is often 
preferred — though some communities, like fat activists, may request identity-first language 
(“fat person”) as a political statement. The key is to do the research and follow the lead of those 
directly impacted. 
Impact matters more than intention. Even subtle phrases like “normal people” or “healthy 
bodies” can reinforce exclusion. Instead, opt for clear, descriptive alternatives like “people 
without disabilities” or “people with different body types.” 
Another important note: context matters. Words like “fat” carry different meanings in different 
settings. While it can be hurtful when used carelessly, it’s also a word being reclaimed by 
activists to challenge fatphobia and promote body liberation. Using “fat” as a neutral descriptor 
when appropriate can raise awareness and help normalise diverse body sizes — so long as it’s 
done with care and respect. 

# Ultimately, inclusive language is about accountability, accessibility, and continuous 

education. There is no single right answer for every situation or language, but the more we 
think critically about the words we use, the more space we create for voices that have too often 
been silenced. Language, when used with intention, can be a powerful vehicle for social 
change. 
 

# NFE activities 

 
As part of our body liberation toolkit, non-formal education (NFE) offers powerful, 
experience-based methods to connect with young people on a deeper level, making it 
particularly well-suited for sensitive and personal topics like body image and inclusion. 

# This section presents a set of practical, ready-to-use activities that help participants explore 

their relationships with their bodies, challenge societal norms, and foster empathy and critical 
thinking. 

# Each activity includes step-by-step guidance, materials needed, and reflection prompts, making 

them easy to implement and adapt. We invite you to use these tools in your work — adding your 
creativity and sensitivity to ensure they resonate with the specific needs of your group. 

# These methods have already been tested in youth work settings, but we welcome your 

feedback and experiences. If you use them, please let us know how it went — we’d love to learn 
from your practice and keep improving together. 
 
 

# Title: The river 

 

# Activity to help participants reflect about their relationship with their body 

 

# Space and materials: 

● White A4 paper for all participant 
● Colors for drawing/painting 
● Calm background music 
● Space for individual and small group work 
 

# Description of the tool: 


# In this activity, participants will draw a river that represents the story of their lives in relation to 

their bodies. 
Step 1: Introduce the activity and explain the task of creating a personal drawing. Emphasise 
that they should be as honest as possible with themselves; this task is for them, and they will 
later share only what they feel comfortable sharing with others. You may show an example of 
how the river might look. 

# Step 2: Ask participants to find a comfortable place, and if they wish, to close their eyes and 

take three deep breaths. Then follow the visualisation text provided in Annex 1. 
Step 3: Give participants 20 minutes to create their rivers. You can play some background 
music to support reflection and the creative process. 

# Step 4: Divide participants into groups of three, and ask them to share with each other their 

rivers, describing what it looks like and what they discovered about their relationship with their 
bodies. Allow 20 minutes for sharing. 
Step 5: Debriefing. Invite participants to come together in a plenary circle and discuss how the 
activity was for them. 

# Questions for debriefing: 

● How did you feel during the activity? 
 
● How was it for you to use the metaphor of a river to reflect on your relationship with your 
body? 
 
● Was there anything surprising in your personal reflection? 
 
● Did you discover anything interesting about your relationship with your body? 
 
● Did you notice any similarities or differences between the rivers in your small groups? 
 
● What learnings would you like to take away from this activity? 
 

# Tips for facilitators: 

It is useful to have an example of a river to show participants. 
 
 

# Annex 1: Visualization 

 
Let’s start with some of your earliest memories of being aware of your body. 
What is your earliest memory of believing that being thinner — or something else — 
was better? 

# During your teenage years, what did you think about your body, your style, or your 

clothes at that time? What external messages were you receiving about how your body 
should look? 

# Have you ever tried to hide your body in any way? How did you do that? Which part of 

your body did you try to hide, and in what setting — for example, in intimate 
relationships, going to the beach, or elsewhere? 

# How do you feel about your body now, as an adult? Have you ever felt shame when 

someone pointed out so-called 'flaws' or 'defects' in your body? 

# What has your body enabled you to do in your life? What are some important 

achievements of your body? 

# What is your relationship with your body today? 


# Which beliefs are you still carrying with you now? And which beliefs do you need or 

want to embrace? 
 
This activity is an adaptation of an activity called ¨River of learning¨ from Handbook for 
facilitators Learning to Learn in practice. Adapted by Body Liberation Collective. 
 
 
 
 
 

# Title: Where Do You Stand 


# Activity to facilitate discussion and understanding of different points of view regarding 

challenging aspects of body liberation. 
 

# Space and materials: 

● A large space with signs reading AGREE and DISAGREE placed at opposite sides of 
the room. 
 
● Preferably, some chairs for participants to sit on if the discussion runs longer. 
 
● A projector to display the statements. 
 

# Description of the tool: 


# Step 1: Explain to participants that they will take part in a discussion where they will be shown a 

statement. They will have a minute to reflect privately on whether they agree or disagree, and 
then position themselves in the room accordingly. 
Step 2: Present the statement and ask participants to reflect and choose their position. Explain 
that they may change sides at any point if they reconsider their view. Then invite participants to 
explain why they took a specific position. Facilitate the discussion, encouraging respectful 
exchange of perspectives. 

# Step 3: Conduct as many rounds as time allows and as you feel necessary for meaningful 

discussion. 
Step 4: Debriefing. Invite participants to come together in a plenary circle and reflect on the 
experience. 

# Questions for debriefing: 

● Were there any statements that people found impossible to answer — either because it 
was difficult to form an opinion or because the statement was poorly phrased? 
 
● Why did people change their position during the discussion? 
 
● Were people surprised by the extent of disagreement on the issues? 
 
● Does it matter if we disagree on this topic? 
 
● Do you think there are "right" and "wrong" answers to the statements, or is it purely a 
matter of personal opinion? 
 
● What are the main learning points you will take away from this activity? 
 

# Tips for facilitators: 

Some participants may position themselves very quickly, which can influence others. To avoid 
this, it is recommended first to display the statement, then give participants a minute to reflect, 
and only then invite them to move to their chosen side once you give a clear signal. 
 

# Annex: Statements 

● It is better to be fat than to have amputated legs. 
 
● It is acceptable for some industries not to hire fat people. 
 
● Being fat depends solely on the strength of the individual’s will. 
 
● There is no job that a fat person cannot do. 
 
● Weight-loss diets do not work. 
 
● Fat people should lose weight for the sake of their health. 
 
● If my child is too fat, I will help them lose weight to prevent them from being bullied. 
 
● Not dating a fat person because of personal preference is discrimination. 
This is an adaptation of the activity ¨Where do you stand¨ from COMPASS - Manual for Human 
Rights Education with Young People. Adapted by Body Liberation Collective. 
 
 

# Title: Take a Step Forward 


# Intro: 


# This activity aims to create empathy among participants towards individuals 

experiencing varying degrees of oppression from an intersectional perspective through 
embodiment and roleplay. 
 

# Space and materials: 

● Open space without barriers, allowing for free movement. 
 
 

# Description of the tool: 


# Step 1: 

 Participants are given role cards to read privately. The role cards include: 
● Good-looking fat woman. She was bullied for her weight in childhood. Was fat. Is 
fat. 
 
● A successful fat activist raising awareness. 
 
● The average-sized teenager was told by her mother that she needs to go on a 
diet to lose weight. 
 
● Unemployed Middle Eastern trans woman living in Europe. 
 
● Roma teenager with five siblings living in Bulgaria. 
 
● Fashion influencer in her early twenties with Down syndrome. 
 
● Middle-aged Eastern European non-binary person using a wheelchair. 
 
● Daughter of the US ambassador in Germany. Tall, blonde, and pretty. 
 
● A successful young businessman who owns a yacht on the French Riviera. 
 
● A black immigrant sex worker living in Italy. Pregnant. 
 
● Black French freelance visual artist living in Paris. 
 
● Butch* lesbian tattoo artist living in Turkey. (*Butch refers to a lesbian who 
exhibits a masculine identity or gender presentation.) 
 
● Blind teenager on the autism spectrum. 
 
 

# Step 2: Visualisation: 


# Participants are asked to lie or sit comfortably with their eyes closed while the facilitator 

guides them through a visualisation (meditative music can be used to enhance the 
atmosphere). 

# Guided Visualisation: 

● Think of the day you were born. Who was there? What did the place look like? 

# Was it a hospital? A home? Somewhere else? Was your birth a happy moment? 

 
● Think of your early childhood. Were you loved enough? Hugged enough? Did 
you eat well? 
 
● Think of your late childhood or early teenage years. Did you go to school? Did 
you work? What did these places look like? Were you popular? Shy? Were you 
bullied? Did you often feel lonely? 
 
● Think of the first time you fell in love. Was it a happy or a sad feeling? Could you 
talk about these feelings with family and friends? Could you talk with the person 
you love? 
 
● Think of your late teens. How did you feel about your future? Was it exciting? 
Scary? Think of your first sexual experience. How was it? How did it change 
you? 
 
● Think of your career. Did you choose it? Did you enjoy it? Was it fulfilling 
emotionally and financially? Were you successful at it? 
 
● Think of your home and family life. Did you start a family? Did you have a stable 
home? 
 
● Think of your older years. Did you make it to old age? Imagine your grey hair and 
wrinkled skin. Who was with you then? Did you have support in your old age? 

# Was it easy to access healthcare? 

 
● Think of your death. Where was it? Who was there? Was it sad or peaceful? 
Imagine your funeral. How many people were there? 
 
 

# The Privilege Walk: 


# Participants are asked to stand in a line next to each other and to take one step forward 

only if the answer to the statement is yes, while the facilitator reads out the following 
statements: 
● My parents love me. 
 
● I was never a victim of bullying. 
 
● I was never sexually harassed. 
 
● I am living a meaningful life. 
 
● People I like usually like me back. 
 
● I feel sexy. 
 
● I can see myself finding love and starting a family. 
 
● I can get a decent job. 
 
● Spaces I like to be in are designed for my needs. 
 
● If I get sick, there will always be someone to care for me. 
 
● I don’t have to worry about my finances. 
 
● I have close friends I can share anything with. 
 
● I don’t need therapy, and if I ever do, I can afford it. 
 
● I am not scared of the police. 
 
● I feel safe in public spaces. 
 
● At my funeral, many people will cry. 
 
 

# Debrief Questions: 

● Look around at where everyone else is standing. 
 
● How did it feel to be so far ahead or so far behind? 
 
● Were there moments when you didn’t know how to answer? Which answer did 
you go with in the end? 
 
● Did you learn something new about the experience of your role card character or 
the experiences of others? 
 
 

# Tips for facilitators: 


# Breathe deeply during the visualisation, use a soft voice, and make long pauses 

between questions to allow the images to form. 
This activity is an adaptation of an activity called ¨Take a step forward¨ from Compass: Manual 
for Human Rights Education. Adapted by Body Liberation Collective. 
 
 

# Title: Embodied Movement Activity 


# Intro: 

Physical workout grounded in theatrical practice. 

# Space and materials: 

Open space without barriers, allowing for free movement. 
 
 

# Description of the tool: 


# Step 1: Warm-up 

Use any warm-up you feel comfortable with. Examples include breath-induced 
movement, stretching, flexing, and consciously moving muscles from toes to neck. 
Encourage sighing and releasing tension. 

# Step 2: Main activity 


# Participants are asked to walk randomly around the space with open eyes and 

expanded awareness. Instruct them to avoid walking in circles and to break familiar 
movement patterns. Ask them to fill the space, ensuring there are no large empty areas 
left unoccupied. 
Initially, participants should avoid looking at each other. After a few minutes, invite them 
to make eye contact without any facial expression. Gradually, encourage them to 
respond when their eyes meet — a smile, a nod — while continuing to walk. 

# Next, while still moving, guide them to synchronise their pace using facilitator 

instructions: 
● 1 being the slowest pace, 
 
● 10 being the fastest. 
 

# The facilitator should call out numbers to prompt sudden changes of pace and 

encourage participants who are out of sync to expand their awareness and adapt to the 
group rhythm. 
Once the group is moving in sync, the next stage begins. Ask participants to imitate 
both the movement and the emotion of the group while moving intuitively. They may 
also make sounds and imitate the sounds of others. 

# When the facilitator feels the participants have understood the exercise, they gently 

touch one person on the shoulder — this person becomes the leader whose 
movements and sounds the group imitates. When that person finishes, they tap another 
on the shoulder, passing leadership on. Continue until everyone in the room has had a 
chance to lead. 

# Step 3: Debrief 

Bring participants back into a circle and guide a cool-down breathing exercise. Facilitate 
a short discussion: 
● How did everyone feel during the exercise? 
 
● What did they notice about their movements or emotions? 
 

# Tips for facilitators: 

● Consent for touching each other’s shoulders should be taken at the start. 
 
● The facilitator should ensure they can see everyone in the space and encourage 
participants to free themselves from imposed movement habits. 
 
● Encourage playfulness — being silly should be welcomed and celebrated! 
 
 
Glossary ( ) 
 https://bodyliberation.eu/glossary/
Body liberation – freedom from social and political systems of oppression that designate 
certain bodies as more worthy, healthy, and desirable than others. 
Fat liberation – a movement that challenges fatphobia and promotes body autonomy for fat 
people. 
Fat activism (fat acceptance movement) – a social movement that seeks to challenge the 
stigma and discrimination against fat people. It promotes body acceptance, self-love, and the 
right to live a healthy and fulfilling life regardless of body size. Fat activists work to change 
social norms, challenge harmful beauty standards, and advocate for policies that protect the 
rights of fat people. 
Body image – a complex concept that encompasses a person's thoughts, feelings, and 
perceptions about their own body. It is influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, 
personal experiences, cultural norms, and media images. 
Health at every size – an approach to health and wellness that focuses on overall well-being 
rather than weight loss. It emphasizes the importance of body acceptance, self-care, and 
healthy behaviors regardless of body size. 
Size inclusivity – the practice of designing, producing, and promoting products, services, and 
representation that cater to a wide range of body sizes, recognising that there is no 
one-size-fits-all approach. It challenges industry norms that often exclude people of larger sizes 
and promotes a more diverse and inclusive market. 
Body inclusivity – the practice of embracing and celebrating the diversity of human bodies, 
recognising that all bodies are worthy of respect, dignity, and representation. It challenges 
harmful beauty standards and promotes a culture of body acceptance and care. 
Body positivity vs. neutrality – Body positivity aims to foster unconditional self-love and 
appreciation for all body types, while body neutrality promotes a state of non-judgmental 
acceptance, shifting focus from appearance to functionality and bodily capabilities. In the 
context of body liberation, body neutrality emerges as a more sustainable and accessible 
approach, as it acknowledges the complexities of body image and the challenges of constantly 
loving one's physical form. By removing the pressure to embrace or celebrate every aspect of 
our bodies, body neutrality allows for a more realistic and compassionate relationship with our 
physical selves. Additionally, within fat activism, body positivity is criticized for its uncritical 
celebration of bodies, focus on appearance over health, perceived as exclusivity, and especially 
for unethical usage of this term by companies. 
Fategories – a concept within the fat activism movement that recognises the spectrum of 
fatness and its impact on experiences. People can identify as small fat, mid-fat, infinifat, and 
others. 
Straight-sized people – those who fall within the standard sizing range for clothing, typically 
sizes 0–14 for women and S–XXL for men. This terminology is often used in the fashion 
industry to distinguish between these sizes and those considered plus-size. 
Intersectionality – in the context of body liberation and fat activism, this refers to how fat 
oppression intersects with other forms of oppression, such as racism, sexism, and classism, 
leading to compounded experiences of discrimination and marginalization. Fat activists 
advocate for a holistic approach that addresses the unique challenges faced by diverse fat 
individuals across intersecting identities. 
Intuitive eating – an evidence-based approach to mindful eating that encourages listening to 
the body's natural cues of hunger and fullness, energy levels, and other needs, rather than 
following rigid dietary rules. It promotes a positive relationship with food and a healthy body 
image, and is often used as a counter-approach to diet culture. 

# CHALLENGES BEING TACKLED 

Body-based oppression – encompasses the systematic marginalization and discrimination of 
individuals based on their physical characteristics, including body weight, height, skin color, 
physical disabilities, and other bodily variations. 
Fat oppression (weight-based oppression) – the systematic marginalization and 
discrimination of people based on their body weight. It manifests in various forms, including 
prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination in employment, healthcare, and other areas of life. 
Fatphobia (also referred to as anti-fat, fatmisia, weight bias, or weight stigma) – the prejudice 
against, aversion to, or discrimination against people who are fat (or perceived as fat). It 
manifests in various ways, including negative stereotypes, unsolicited comments about weight, 
and a lack of representation throughout the media. 
Internalised fatphobia – the act of absorbing and applying societal beliefs about weight and 
body size to oneself. It occurs when individuals internalise negative stereotypes and messages 
about fatness, leading to self-loathing, shame, and negative body image. 
Weight bias – a prejudice or negative attitude toward people based on their weight. It is often 
based on the assumption that people who are overweight are lazy, unhealthy, or lack 
self-control. Weight bias can significantly impact people’s lives, leading to discrimination in 
employment, education, and healthcare. 
Body shaming – the act of criticizing or making negative comments about someone's body, 
shape, or size. It can be verbal, non-verbal, or written. Body shaming can greatly affect 
self-esteem, mental health, and overall well-being and stands in direct opposition to the 
principles of body liberation. 
Fat shaming – the act of making derogatory comments about someone’s weight or body size. 
Ableism – prejudice and discrimination against people with disabilities. It includes assumptions 
and attitudes that people with disabilities are less capable or less valuable. In the context of 
body liberation, it also includes the stereotype that fat people are less able and therefore less 
worthy. 
Healthism – a belief system that places personal responsibility for health above all else. It often 
promotes a narrow view of "healthy behavior" and can lead to judgment or discrimination 
against those who do not conform. In body liberation, it refers to the assumption that fat people 
are inherently unhealthy and therefore less deserving. 
Lookism – discriminatory treatment based on physical appearance, particularly when someone 
is perceived as falling short of conventional beauty standards. 
Sizeism (body shape and size discrimination) – prejudice or unfair treatment based on body 
shape or size. This includes negative comments, lack of access to goods or services, 
employment discrimination, and inaccessible spaces. When directed specifically at fat people, 
it’s referred to as fat discrimination. 
Aesthetic violence – self-inflicted harm driven by internalised beauty standards, often 
expressed through extreme dieting, cosmetic surgery, or disordered behavior in the pursuit of an 
ideal appearance. 
Appearance-related violence – bullying or harassment based on physical appearance. This 
includes verbal abuse, negative commentary, or physical acts such as spitting or hair-pulling 
directed at someone's appearance. 
Body policing – enforcing or promoting societal norms about how people should look or act. 
This can contribute to negative body image, disordered eating, and other forms of harm. 
Diet culture – a pervasive belief system that equates thinness with health and value. It leads to 
self-criticism, disordered eating, and poor body image. Body liberation challenges these norms 
and promotes acceptance, compassion, and the right to exist in all bodies. 
Thin privilege – the unearned advantages that come with having a body that aligns with 
societal standards of thinness. This includes social acceptance, easier access to clothing, and a 
lower likelihood, facing discrimination in healthcare, employment, or public spaces. 
 
Contact & Feedback 

# We are always eager to hear how this manual is being used, what impact it is making, and how it can 

grow. Whether you have implemented one of the activities, shared it with your team, or simply have 
reflections to offer — we welcome your thoughts. 
 If you use any part of this publication, please let us know how it went! Your feedback will help us to 
improve future resources and continue supporting inclusive youth work across Europe. 
📩 Email: mail@bodyliberation.eu 
🌍 Website: www.bodyliberation.eu 
📱 Tag your work with: #BodyLiberationEU 

# This publication was developed by three organisations within the Body Liberation Network: 

 Flourish NGO, DAFI, and CIM Horyzonty. 

# Together, we are committed to challenging weight stigma and creating more inclusive, compassionate 

spaces for all bodies. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

# This manual is a call to action for youth workers, educators, and activists who want to challenge 

body-based oppression and build spaces where all bodies are valued, seen, and free. Rooted in body 
liberation, it offers tools, practices, and ideas to confront fatphobia, weight stigma, and appearance-based 
discrimination—starting with youth work. 
We believe all bodies are worthy. 
We believe in inclusion, equity, autonomy, and justice. 
🌍 www.bodyliberation.eu 
 📩 mail@bodyliberation.eu 
 
 

# This publication was created by Flourish NGO, DAFI, and CIM Horyzonty as part of the Body Liberation 


# Network in Europe and MICROLEARNING for Body Liberation project co-financed by the European 

Commission. 
We represent a movement that challenges systems that shame, exclude, and control our bodies. With this 
manual, we aim to push body shape and size discrimination into the heart of the European Youth Work 
Agenda. 
This is not the final word—it’s a starting point. 
We invite you to read, reflect, act, and organise. 
All bodies belong. 
All bodies are political. 
All bodies deserve liberation.